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The video QA glossary: everything you need to know about testing and monitoring video services

By Witbe

The video industry moves fast. From adaptive streaming to Agentic AI, understanding the right terminology is essential to stay ahead.
At Witbe, we believe in clarity. This glossary helps engineers, testers, and streaming professionals navigate the key concepts behind video testing, monitoring, and automation: the foundation of flawless viewing experiences.

Core QA and testing concepts

Video testing

Evaluating how a video service performs across devices, networks, and platforms.
Also referred to as video service testing or automated video QA, this process ensures playback success under real-world conditions.
Example: automated testing ensures flawless playback before every release.

Video monitoring

Repeated or continuous observation of live or on-demand streams to detect quality issues in real time.
Example: Witbe monitoring robots alert you instantly when playback fails.

Learn more
End-to-end monitoring

Testing the video's full journey from signal to screen, across real devices, networks, and geographies.
Learn more → Absolute end-to-end monitoring

Real-world testing

Running tests on the same devices and connections actual consumers use rather than emulators.
Example: only real-world testing reveals what viewers truly experience.

QoE (quality of experience)

A measure of how enjoyable, reliable, and responsive a service feels to the viewer.

QoS (quality of service)

Network or system-level performance metrics such as bandwidth, latency, and packet loss that may influence QoE.

Test execution

Running predefined or goal-based test scenarios on real devices to validate expected behavior.

Test case

A defined scenario with an expected outcome used to validate app or playback availability, performance and/or quality.

Pass/fail criteria

QA thresholds (e.g., “startup time < 3s”) determining whether a test succeeds.

CI/CD (continuous integration/continuous delivery) integration

Running automated tests at every code commit to prevent regressions before release.

Regression testing

Running a collection of test scenarios after an update to confirm that existing functionality still works correctly.

Cross-platform testing

Validating consistent behavior and quality across devices, OS versions, and applications.

Functional testing

Functional tests check that actions (play, pause, login) work, as opposed to other type of tests, which evaluate performance, stability, and quality.

Automation and AI

Agentic AI

A new generation of AI that plans, executes, and adapts tests autonomously toward a goal.

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AI-powered testing

Testing that leverages machine learning and reasoning to autonomously validate playback quality and performance.
Also referred to as AI-powered video monitoring or predictive QA analytics.

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Goal-oriented testing

Instead of scripting steps, define the goal, like "play a live sports channel," and AI figures out how to achieve it at runtime.

Self-healing automation

Automation that adapts to UI changes or pop-ups without breaking test execution.

Continuous learning

AI improves test accuracy and speed through feedback from past executions.

Human-in-the-loop

Human experts remain involved to validate anomalies and refine automation behavior.

Multi-agent systems

Groups of specialized AI agents collaborating on complex QA workflows.

Generative testing

AI creates new test cases dynamically based on observed behavior and goals.

Model context protocol (MCP)

An open standard that allows AI agents, LLMs, and systems to communicate securely and contextually.

Test orchestration

Coordinating multiple automated tests to run in sequence or parallel, optimizing coverage and efficiency.

Scriptless testing

Automation that requires no manual scripting, relying instead on AI recognition and high-level goals.

Fixture / test environment

Controlled setup for reproducible test execution.

Test reporting

Automated output of results, logs, and video proof for QA validation.

Metrics and analysis

VQ-MOS (video quality – mean opinion score)

Witbe's real-time algorithm that quantifies perceived video quality through image and playback analysis.

VQ-ID (video quality – incident detection)

Algorithm that detects incidents in real time such as black frames, rebuffering, frozen images, or sound availability.

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UVQ (universal video quality)

Industry metric developed by YouTube research to benchmark short-form video quality.
Learn more → Adding industry standards to video quality measurements

ABR (adaptive bitrate)

Streaming method that adjusts resolution and bitrate according to available network bandwidth.

Latency

Delay between broadcast origin and viewer playback. Low latency is essential for live events.

Rebuffering

Interruptions in playback caused by buffering; a key KPI for QoE.

Black screen detection

Automated identification of missing frames or total signal loss.

Frame rate

Number of frames displayed per second; impacts smoothness and perceived quality.

Bitrate

Amount of data per second allowed to encode a video stream; higher bitrates often yield better quality.

HDR (high dynamic range)

Video technology that enhances contrast and color depth for more realistic images.

Benchmarking

Comparing performance or quality metrics against competitors or industry standards.

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KPI (key performance indicator)

Quantitative metric used to evaluate video service health, such as availability rate or playback time.

Time-series data

Sequential data collected over time to monitor trends in QoE and QoS.

The Witbe ecosystem

Witbox

Witbe's hardware robot that performs real-world testing on consumer devices.

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Smartgate

The observability platform that collects, correlates, and visualizes monitoring KPIs.

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Virtual NOC (network operations center)

Web app dashboard providing full visibility into monitored devices located anywhere globally.

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Remote Eye Controller (REC)

Witbe's web interface for remotely viewing and controlling devices through multi-device mosaics.

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Device Automation Bus (DAB)

An open-source, cross-platform protocol created by Amazon, Google (YouTube), and Netflix to standardize remote device control.

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Cluster control

Feature that lets engineers control multiple devices across locations simultaneously.

Smartgate dashboard

Interactive workspace where teams visualize playback KPIs and service health in real time.

Alerting thresholds

Customizable limits that trigger alerts when a KPI exceeds expected parameters.

Streaming and playback technologies

CDN (content delivery network)

A global network of servers that cache and deliver video closer to viewers to reduce latency.

OTT (over-the-top)

Technology to deliver video content via the internet, bypassing traditional broadcast methods.

VoD (video on demand)

Content library allowing users to select and play videos at any time.

Live streaming

Real-time content delivery such as sports, news, or events.

Manifest file

Playlist (like .m3u8) that describes how segments/chunks of a video stream are delivered in ABR.

Segment

A small chunk of video, typically a few seconds long, that is downloaded sequentially during playback. Segments are listed in the manifest file and allow adaptive bitrate streaming to switch between quality levels dynamically based on network conditions.

Encoder / transcoder

Systems that compress and convert video signals into formats suitable for streaming.

DRM (digital rights management)

Encryption and licensing mechanisms protecting premium content from piracy.

Content drift

When the displayed content differs from expected programming due to scheduling or delivery errors.

Playback errors

Errors that can be seen by the user (on screen) or invisible (404 error on a chunk where the player can switch before buffering) or even make the player crash without reporting any technical error.

Adaptive streaming

Protocol enabling dynamic switching between quality levels during playback.

Operations and reporting

Real-time alerts

Instant notifications sent when a performance issue or anomaly is detected.

Dashboard

Centralized visual interface showing live KPIs, device status, and playback performance.

Root-cause analysis

Identifying the underlying technical reason for service degradation.

MTTR (mean time to resolve)

Average duration between incident detection and resolution.

MTTD (mean time to detect)

Average time required to identify a failure once it occurs.

SLA (service level agreement)

Commitment defining minimum service quality and uptime guarantees.

Predictive maintenance

Using analytics to perform actions which anticipate and aim at preventing potential failures.

Incident management

Process of tracking, prioritizing, and resolving service-related issues.

Trendline analysis

Statistical visualization of service performance over time to identify patterns or anomalies.

Business and licensing

Witbe Agentic AI commissioning

A quick-start setup deploying goal-oriented testing directly on your own devices.

Token-based licensing

Flexible model where tokens represent available automation capacity for testing sessions.

Scalability

Ability to increase testing coverage easily (e.g. without adding new hardware).

ROI (return on investment)

Quantifiable benefits of monitoring, such as reduced MTTR and improved service uptime.

Service availability

Percentage of times a service is operational and accessible to users.

Compliance reporting

Proof that KPIs meet regulatory or contractual thresholds.

Operational efficiency

Optimization of testing and monitoring processes to reduce costs and manual effort.

Use-case keywords

QA test automation

Automate test execution on real devices to validate playback, navigation, and app behavior before release of new versions.

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Video service monitoring

Monitor live and on-demand streams in real time to detect playback errors, freezes, or quality drops.

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Live TV monitoring

Continuously verify live channels' availability, latency, and lineup accuracy, including special events.

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Video-on-demand (VoD) asset checking

Automatically ensure your entire VoD catalog is available, playable, and compliant across all platforms.

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Dynamic ad insertion monitoring (ad monitoring and matching)

Measure the true performance of dynamically inserted ads, detect errors, and verify ad delivery with video proof.

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Vertical video monitoring

Validate short-form and vertical video performance across mobile apps and social platforms.

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Smart TV automation

Automate end-to-end QA on smart TV platforms like Samsung Tizen, LG webOS, Android TV, and Roku, no SDK or modification needed.

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Mobile app automation

Run automated video playback and navigation tests on iOS and Android smartphones, no SDK or modification needed.

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Remote device access (remote device control / virtual NOC)

Access and control real devices from anywhere to reproduce issues, troubleshoot, and collaborate across teams.

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Channel change / lineup validation (lineup and zapping time)

Verify that scheduled channels are playing correct content and that channel changes are fast, accurate, and correctly sequenced across all broadcast or OTT feeds.

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Quality vs. data usage

Compare QoE against bandwidth consumption to optimize streaming profiles and CDN costs.

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Special live events monitoring (live sports QA)

Ensure flawless streaming during high-traffic events like sports finals or award shows, with real-time alerts.

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Quality benchmarking

Compare your service performance against competitors to identify optimization opportunities and SLA strengths.

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Remote troubleshooting

Instantly investigate and fix playback issues on any device through the virtual NOC's remote control interface.

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Function availability tracking

Track uptime, availability, and accessibility across devices and regions to maintain SLA compliance.

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AI observability

Monitoring how AI agents make decisions during QA automation to ensure reliability.

Real-time analytics

Continuous analysis of incoming test data to generate instant insights.

Data correlation

Combining multiple KPIs (latency, MOS, rebuffering) to pinpoint service issues.

Edge testing

Running QA directly at the network edge for faster results and reduced latency.

Self-optimizing automation

Automation that adjusts its own execution based on past outcomes.

Cloud monitoring

Deploying monitoring infrastructure in the cloud for global scalability.

Master the language of video QA and see it in action

Now that you know the vocabulary, explore how these concepts come to life inside Witbe's technology.
From manual testing remotely to Agentic AI powered automation, we empower streaming providers to deliver flawless experiences every day.

Whether you're automating regression suites, validating playback before release, or ensuring live service uptime, Witbe's QA platform combines real-device testing, automation, and monitoring in one ecosystem.

Explore our use cases
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